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A 2000 Newspaper Article Brought Mata Hari To My Immediate Attention For The First Time. The Head Of Mata Hari, Which Had Been In The Museum’s Collections Since She Passed Away In 1917, Was Reported Missing At That Time By The Institute Of Anatomy Museum In Paris. The Head May Have Been Stolen By An Admirer In The 1950s, When The Collection Was Last Moved, According To A Curator’s Speculation. This Struck Me As A Remarkable Suggestion That Was Almost Fantastic. The Idea Of An Elderly Admirer Stealing A Woman’s Head Thirty Years After Her Death Was Macabre And Ridiculous.

I Soon Came To Understand That Mata Hari Was Capable Of Many Unbelievable Things. I Had The Impression That Earlier Biographers Had Overlooked Her Married Years In The Dutch East Indies When I Looked Into The Books About And Documentary Evidence Of Her Life. I Was Certain That The Roots Of The Latter, More Well-known Part Of Her Life Were In Her Years In The Indies Since I Had Extensively Researched The Colonial Period In Indonesia For Another Book, The Man Who Found The Missing Link.

This Strategy Has Helped Me Come To Some Significant Realisations And Get A New Understanding. I Have Referred To The Racial And Social Classes Of People In The Dutch East Indies Using Terms That Were Used In The Late 1800s And Early 1900s. Some Of These Have Now Become Offensive Or Pitiful. I Want To Be Clear That I Don’t Use Them To Malign The People They Refer To; Rather, I Do It Out Of Concern For Historical Accuracy.

I Heavily Relied On The Correspondence To Or From Mata Hari That Was Readily Available. Dashes And Underlining Are Often Used In Place Of More Traditional Punctuation When Punctuating Letters. The Words Are Preserved Exactly As Written, Except I Have Added More Contemporary Punctuation And Used Italics For Emphasis Rather Than Underlining. I List The Names Of All Publications In English In The Text Because I’m Writing For English-speaking Readers. The Notes Include All Of The References In The Original Language.

A Significant Challenge In The Research And Writing Of This Book Was Translation. With The Great Assistance Of Marc Godinot And Catherine Helgeson, I Have Translated From The French. Dr. Paul Storm, A Remarkable Colleague And Research Assistant, Or Myself, With The Help Of Chiara Bols And Ida In’t Veldt, Have Translated Texts From The Dutch Language. I Am Quite Appreciative Of Such Friends.

Paul Storm Has Shown His Invaluable Ability To Find Long-lost Or Ignored Information In This Book, As Well As In Other Work That We Have Completed Together. I Can’t Say Enough How Much I Appreciate His Inspired Efforts. However, I Am The Only One Responsible For Any Translation Errors. I Would Want To Thank The Curators, Academics, And Organisations Who Kindly Provided Access, Help, Or Information, And I Apologise If I Missed Anybody.

We Would Like To Thank Michiel Van Halem Of The Gemeente Archief, Leiden, Mrs. M. Gaspar-raven, The Librarian At The Museum Bronbeek, Gerk Koopmans, And Evert Kramer At The Fries Museum In Leeuwarden, As Well As The Haanstraschool In Inleiden. Philippe Fernandez’s Invaluable Assistance In Helping Me Get Permissions From France Is Much Appreciated. Likewise, I Would Like To Express My Gratitude To The Hague-based Algemeen Rijksarchief, Centraal Bureau Voorgenealogie, Nationaal Archief, And Stichting Indische Familie Archief;

Ginahouwer At The Tropeninstituut In Amsterdam; Liesbeth Ouwehand At The Kitlv, Which Included A Previously Unpublished Photograph Of Mata Hari; The Public Record Office In Kew, The Legermuseum And Its Outstanding Library In Delft, Emmanuel Penicaut Of The Servicehistorique De L’armée De Terre In Vincennes, Tristan Boos, And Glenn Bruce;

Tineke Hellwig, Christine Ruggere From The Johns Hopkins University School Of Medicine’s Institute Of The History Of Medicine, Ann Laura Stoller, And Julie Wheelwright. I’ve Had A Tonne Of Support And Encouragement From My Closest Friends And Family, Without Whom I Could Never Write. It Is Clear Who You Are. I’m Grateful. The Most Crucial Fact About Margaretha Zelle Is That She Had A Thing For Men.

The Most Important Fact To Be Aware Of With Her Is That She Did Not Love Truth. She Said The Truth When It Was Convenient. She Created What May Be Gently Referred To As “Alternative Truths”—and Unkindly, “Lies”—when It Wasn’t True, Or When She Found The Truth Tedious. She Never Felt That What Was Factually True Was As Important As What Ought To Have Been True. By The Time She Had Transformed Into Mata Hari, She Was An Expert At Altering The World To Suit Her Preferences. She Was A Character In A Play That She Continuously Rewrote, And She Was A Creation From Beginning To End. She Changed Her Name As Often As Some Females Alter Their Hairstyles.

She Only Only Acknowledged This Fact About Herself Once, And That Time Was When She Was Incarcerated And In Imminent Danger Of Being Found Guilty Of Espionage And Receiving A Death Sentence. She Was Dangerously Close To Becoming Insane Due To The Harsh Conditions Of Her Imprisonment, The Catastrophic Collapse Of The World She Had Created, And The Brutal Destruction Of Her Identity. With A Painful Insight Made More Acute By Her Precarious Position On The Precipice,

She Tried To Explain In A Letter To The Man Who Had Been Her Captor, Accuser, And Interrogator: There Is Something That I Like You To Consider, And That Is The Fact That Mata Hari And Madamezelle Macleod Are Two Very Different Women. I Am Required To Live Under The Name Zelle Today Due To The War, Although The General Public Is Unaware Of This Person. I Think Of Myself As A Mata Hari. I’ve Used This Name To Live For The Last 12 Years. I Am Well-known Throughout The World And I Have Connections All Over. What Is Acceptable For The Dancer Mata Hari Is Most Definitely Not Acceptable For Madame Zellemacleod.

Events That Do Not Occur To Madame Zelle Are Those That Happen To Mata Hari. People Who Talk About One Don’t Talk About The Other. This Was Perhaps When She Realised The Most About Herself. I’ve Tried To Be As Accurate As I Can In My Account Of Her Life, But In Her Case, The Truth Is A Fleeting And Elusive Wind. He Encouraged Her To See Herself As Unique. He Loved To Show Off His Little Princess Since She Was His.

He Bought Her Gorgeous Dresses In Flamboyant, Vivid Colours, Including A Dress Made Of Scarlet Velvet That She Used To Wear To Class. He Beamingly Told Her She Was Beautiful When She Twirled To Demonstrate To Her Father How The Skirt Flared Out. They All Gave Her Wide-eyed Looks As She Did The Same For Her Friends At Miss Buys’ Exclusive School. She Knew They Were Just Jealous But They Pretended To Be Shocked And Thought It Was A Scandalous Dress For A Girl Her Age. They Suited The Muted Colours They Often Wore Better. They Might Have Easily Afforded A Dress Like Hers, But They Could Never Have Worn It With Her Style.

Their Lack Of Personality, Colourless Hair, And Pallid Skin Condemned Them. The Only Person Who Could Pull It Off Was Someone Like Her, With Thick, Darkly Waving Hair, Captivating Eyes, And Café Au Lait Skin—someone Whose Whole Essence Screamed “Look At Me!” She Was Already An Orchid In A Field Of Dandelion When One Of Her School Friends, In A Flash Of Brilliance, Described Her As Such. She Was Aware Of It. She Was Aware Of It Since She Stood Out From The Crowd. She Was Particularly Aware Of It As A Result Of How Her Father Treated Her, As If She Were Infinitely Precious. Her Wonderful Feeling Was Caused By His Love. Her Birthday Is August 7, 1876. On November 26, 1878, Two Years After She Was Born, Her Younger Brother Johannes Was Born. Then, On September 9, 1881, Twin Boys Named Arie And Cornelius Arrived.

Margaretha Was Always The Preferred Child In Their Father’s Eyes, And The Birth Of Her Brothers Did Not Alter That. She Likely Thought He Loved Her More Than Her Mother. Margaretha Geertruida Zelle, Also Known As The Futuremata Hari, And Her Three Brothers Were Raised By The Wealthy And Attractive Adam Zelle. She Was The Child He Favoured. (Friesmuseum/the Mata Hari Foundation) Her Father Gave Her A Bokkenwagon As A Surprise For Her Sixth Birthday. She Had Never Received A Gift Quite Like That. The Car Was A Fine Little Phaeton, Similar To The Ones That The Wealthy Drove Together With Their Magnificent Horses. A Matched Pair Of Sturdy Goats With Beautiful Horns Pulled Hers.

She Loved Giving In To Her Friends’ Requests To Take It On Drives. The Neighbours’ Tongues Curled In Amazement At The Extravagantness Of Such A Gift, Especially For A Little Girl! She Would Become More Conceited And Develop A Sense Of Self-importance As A Result. They Ought To Have Known That She Was Already Thinking Along Such Lines And Had Picked Them Up From Her Father. Many People In The Town, Including Margaretha’s Former Classmates, Still Recall The Extraordinary Goat-drawn Phaeton Decades Later.

It Was A Remarkable Act Of Folly That Put Margaretha “Absolutely In A Class By Herself”! So Said One Of Her Former Friends In 1963, Long After Margaretha Had Passed Away And She Had Reached The Age Of Well Over Eighty. Others Said That Receiving The Bokkenwagon As A Gift Was The Most Memorable Moment Of Their Childhood. A Magical And Extravagant Gift Was Given To Margaretha By Her Father In 1882 For Her Sixth Birthday: A Goat Carriage. Adam Zelle Like To Be Noticed, Therefore It Was Typical Of Him (The Mata Hari Foundation/fries Museum). In Some Ways, His Daughter Was His Most Attractive Accessory.

He Was Conceited About Having A Full Beard And Being Attractive. He Always Wore A Top Hat And A Waistcoat With Flowers That Made Him Seem Good To Promote The High Quality Of The Products Made By His Hat Factory And Offered For Sale At His Haberdashery. He Received The Nickname “The Baron” From Some People As A Jab At His Pretence And Posing, But He Really Liked It And Thought It Was A Recognition Of His Inherent Superiority.

His First Major Social Achievement Was Marrying Nearby Franeker Resident Antje Van Der Meulen In 1873. Even Though Antje Was Just Two Years Younger Than Him At Age 31, Not A Young Woman In Her First Flush Of Marriageable Age, And Came From A Family Of Higher Social Standing Than His, She Was Older Than Him By One Year. He Believed That The Marriage Represented A Significant Advancement For A Young, Rising Merchant In A Provincial Capital In Northern Holland. Later That Year, When King Willem Iii Visited Their Town Of Leeuwarden, Zelle Was Chosen To Serve In The Mounted Guard Of Honour.

In The Friesland Province. Being Chosen To Represent His Town Was An Honour For Zelle, Who Took Great Pride In His Horsemanship. He Commissioned A Painting Of Himself That Included Him Mounted And Dressed In Full Uniform. It Was Presented By Zelle To The New Fries Museum Many Years Later As An Important Piece That Belonged On Display. Although It Is A Poor Work Of Art, Zelle’s Personality Is Well Captured In It. Zelle Moved His Expanding Family Into A Lovely Old Brick House At 28 Groote Kerkstraat Ten Years After These Victories In 1883 Since His Haberdashery Business Was Flourishing At The Time.

It Was A Lovely Home, And He Probably Felt Firmly Established As One Of Leeuwarden’s Most Significant Burghers. His Sons Were Developing Into Strong, Attractive Boys, So He Planned A Good Education For Them As Well. He Also Hired More Servants And Sent His Lovely Daughter To Miss Buys’s School To Learn French, Elegant Manners, Music (Both Singing And Playing The Piano), And Other Subjects. Although Amsterdamers Would Argue That Leeuwarden Is Rural And Simplistic, Zelle Thought His Hometown Was A Great Place To Be Born And Raised. It Had Over 27,000 Residents.

Leeuwarden Became Less Appealing To Zelle After Serving As The Baron For Another Six Years. His Business Ventures And Investments Went So Horribly Wrong That He Was Forced To File For Bankruptcy On February 18, 1889. For A Proud Man, The Failure Must Have Been A Bitter Letdown. His Family Was Probably Much Shocked By The News Since Men From His Background Often Avoided Talking About Money With Their Wives And Kids. Zelle Could No Longer Live In Leeuwarden And Carry Himself With Dignity.

On July 15, He Travelled To The Hague In Search Of Employment. With Little Money To Live On, His Family Was Left Behind And Crammed Into A Modest Upstairs Apartment On The Willemskade, A Far Less Fashionable Address Than Groote Kerkstraat. The Family Was The Ones That Had To Put Up With The Pitying Glances And Whispered Remarks About Their Unexpected Turn Of Fortune. To Margaretha

Less Than A Month Before Her Thirteenth Birthday, Her Father’s Departure For The Hague Must Have Seemed Like A Desertion. Didn’t Papa Still Love Her? How Was It Possible For Her Birthday To Arrive Without Goat Carriages, Fancy Dresses, Or Any Gifts From Him? There Was No Adoring Papa To Celebrate Her Academic Victories Or To Adore Her Lovely Dresses During The Time When She Was Honing Her Excellent Language Skills In Both French And German As Well As English. The Impact Of His Leaving Her Must Have Been Devastating.